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Everything to look up

What you need once a year does not have to be memorised - it has to be findable.

Morse code is more than twenty-six letters. There are digits, punctuation marks, prosigns with no equivalent in the alphabet, a system of abbreviations for on-air work, and a scale for rating signals. Most of it is not learned but looked up, and the pages below are what you look it up in.

Every list can be heard, not just read. A character you need for the first time should be heard once; the written form of dots and dashes otherwise leads straight back to counting.

Where to start

The chart is the complete overview and prints on one page. If you only want letters, the alphabet is the better place; digits have their own page with their regular pattern under numbers, and punctuation is separate because only a handful of marks ever appear on the air.

What on-air work adds

Prosigns are letter pairs run together with no gap - they do not say what is meant, they say what is happening: start, end, understood. Q codes replace whole sentences with three letters and work across languages, CW abbreviations save characters, and the RST report is the three-digit number that tells the other side how they are coming in. Ready-made wording for the whole sequence is in the CW phrasebook.

Chart The full Morse code alphabet as one printable chart: 26 letters, 10 digits, 18 punctuation marks, accented letters and prosigns. Print it or save it as a PDF.
Space weather Current solar activity, fetched every hour: solar flux, K index, sunspots, noise floor and how the bands stand today.
Grey line The day-night zone on the world map, computed in your browser. Where the grey line runs, 80 and 40 metres carry over distances otherwise out of reach.
Propagation Skip zone, sporadic E, aurora and the bandwidth advantage of Morse code. The propagation effects you hear in the simulations, explained.
Morse key types Straight key, bug, single and dual paddle with an electronic keyer: what separates the types, how they feel, and which one to start with.
CW band plan The CW segments of every HF band under IARU Region 1, with QRP and QRS calling frequencies. And why CW is allowed almost everywhere anyway.
Numbers All ten digits in Morse code, each one playable. The pattern behind them, the shortcuts operators use on the air, and a printable table.
Punctuation Full stop, comma, question mark, slash, at sign and the rest in Morse code, each one playable. When to send them and when operators leave them out.
CW abbreviations The abbreviations amateurs actually send: TNX, FB, HW CPY, 73. With meaning, sound and typical use, checked against two independent sources.
RST signal report The RST report explained: readability 1 to 5, strength 1 to 9, tone 1 to 9. Build a report, hear it, and find out why almost everyone sends 599.
CW phrasebook The sentences an amateur contact is actually made of, in order: calling, answering, the exchange, small talk, closing. With sound.
Prosigns AR, SK, BT, KN, AS and the rest: the procedural signals of Morse code, each one playable, with what they actually do in a contact.
Q-codes QRL, QRM, QRP, QRS, QSB, QSL, QSY, QTH and the rest: the Q-codes amateur operators actually use, each with its question and answer form.
American Morse code The older railroad Morse of 1844: shorter dashes, two extra-long dashes and pauses inside characters. Full table, translator and the sound.
SOS SOS in Morse code is three dots, three dashes, three dots, sent as one continuous distress signal. Hear it, flash it as light, and learn where it comes from.
HI in Morse Code HI in Morse code is .... .. - eight elements, all dots. Hear it, and find out why HI HI is how operators laugh on the air.
HELLO in Morse Code HELLO in Morse code is .... . .-.. .-.. --- - 49 units, nearly three seconds. Hear it, and find out why nobody on the air sends it.
HELP in Morse Code HELP in Morse code is .... . .-.. .--. - but it is not a distress signal. SOS is. Hear both, and learn which one anyone is listening for.
YES in Morse Code YES in Morse code is -.-- . ... - but on the air the answer is one letter: R for received, C for correct. Hear both.
NO in Morse Code NO in Morse code is -. --- - 19 units. On the air it is a single letter, N, which also stands for the digit 9. Hear both.

Two special cases

SOS has its own page because it is neither a word nor an abbreviation: it is one continuous pattern of nine elements with no internal letter gaps, chosen in 1906 precisely because nothing else sounds like it through noise.

American Morse code is the original 1844 version and a different language from what is used today. Anyone deciphering an old recording or a museum piece needs it; for on-air work it has been irrelevant for over a century.